What are the risks of oral and topical corticosteroids?
Corticosteroid drugs, such as hydrocortisone, are often used to treat vitiligo.
These drugs mimic the effects of the hormones the body naturally produces in the adrenal glands.
Additionally, corticosteroids can suppress the immune system and reduce the signs and symptoms of many conditions, including vitiligo.
But these drugs also carry the risk of serious side effects.
In this article we will list the side risks that can be encountered in treating Vitiligo with corticosteroids.
What is Vitiligo?
Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease of the skin. The main feature of this disease is the immune response that attacks the melanocytes responsible for the production of melanin. With the death of melanocytes, depigmentation of the skin occurs, manifesting itself with white patches that can appear in different parts of the body.
Side effects of corticosteroids
Oral corticosteroids (in tablets, capsules or syrup) affect the whole body and are more likely to cause significant side effects:
- Increased risk of infections with common bacterial, viral and fungal microorganisms
- Cataract, also called lens opacification
- Glaucoma, high pressure in the eye
- Fluid retention, which causes swelling in the legs and arms
- Osteoporosis and fractures
- High blood pressure
- High sugar levels, which are a concern for people with diabetes
- Psychological effects, such as confusion or delirium, mood swings, memory fluctuations,
- Fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and muscle weakness
- Weight gain, with fatty deposits in the abdomen, face and back of the neck.
Topical corticosteroids can cause:
- Increased risk of infections with common bacterial, viral and fungal microorganisms
- Acne
- Thinning of the skin
- Bruising and slower wound healing
- Skin lesions
- Facial redness
- Insomnia
To reduce the risk of corticosteroid side effects, talk to your doctor about ways to minimize side effects.
It is recommended that you eat a healthy diet and participate in activities that help maintain a healthy weight, strengthen bones and muscles, and improve sleep.
